Types of infertility in males

Today, more than 15% of couples are diagnosed with infertility. It means that these couples are unable to conceive despite having unprotected sex for more than a year. Here, half of the cases are because of male infertility. It is one of the most common reproductive problems in men. So, what are the causes of male infertility? They include;

Deformed sperm size and shape
Low sperm count
Low sperm speed
Backward ejaculation of the sperm, which is known as retrograde ejaculation
Undescended testicles
Obstructions in the ducts which carry sperm
Hormonal imbalance
Sometimes, the body’s defense system starts attacking its own sperm
Chromosomal abnormalities
A few diseases or infections can also lead to infertility, such as kidney disease, testicular cancer, STDs.
A few medicines and surgeries can also cause infertility
Problems conducting sexual intercourse
Exposure to radiation, industrial chemicals, and heavy metal
Too much alcohol, drugs, and smoking
Obesity
Stress
Cancer and its treatment

What are the signs and symptoms of male infertility?

These symptoms usually only come forward when you are trying for a baby. These include;

Changes in the way the hair grows
Change in your sexual drive
Testicles that look small and firm and at times can be painful
You may notice swelling or lumps in your testicles
Difficulty maintaining or obtaining an erection

Who is at a risk of male infertility?

If you are someone who;

smokes, drinks too much alcohol or uses harmful drugs
Is overweight or obese
Is exposed to harmful toxins
Overheating or trauma to the testicles
If you have undergone a major surgery, i.e. pelvic or abdominal surgery
Infections in the past or present
If you are undergoing treatment for cancer

How is it diagnosed?

Your doctor will first conduct a physical examination, go through your medical history and all the medicines you are under, understand your sexual habits, and may even ask you about your puberty. He will even check if you have had any surgeries or chronic illness previously. Additional tests include;

Semen analysis
Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate
Scrotal ultrasound
Testicular biopsy
Anti-sperm antibodies test

Types of infertility in males